By Neha Verma

The first wildlife reserve in India is Corbett National Park which extends with an area of 500 square kilometers in the foothills of Himalayas. It has been set up as Hailey National Park in the year 1936. Later the name has been change to Ramganga and finally it has been kept as Jim Corbett National Park. The Park is known in all round the country for the varied wildlife and is also popular for launching the Project Tiger.

It is one of the nine tiger reserve that was launched in the year 1973. The major animals that are found in the park is tiger, elephants, chital, sambar, nilgai, ghariyal, King Cobra, muntjac, wild boar, hedgehog, flying fox, Indian Pangolin, and around 600 species of birds. There are number of visitors who visits the thousands of visitors every year. There are number of facilities that are available for the tourists within and outside the park.

Wildlife:

As due to the variety in the climate and habitat, there is the diversity in the both flora and fauna in Park. There are more than the 575 species of birds, 25 species of the reptiles, 50 species of mammals and 7 species of amphibians who are having enough food sources that works as the shelter and also protects the animals for one half century. Some of the major mammals that are found in the National Park is the Chital, Elephant, Wild pig, Barking Deer, Sambar, Tiger, Common langur, Rhesus, Macaque, Jackal, Leopard, Panthar.

Adventure of Wildlife Safari at Corbett:

Wildlife Safari in Corbett is just like the other national parks in the country. The timing for the entry and exit into the park varies from season to season.

Winter Timings-

Morning Safari: 0730 hrs - 1030 hrs

Evening Safari: 1500 hrs - 1700 hrs

Summer Timings-

Morning Safari: 0630 hrs- 0930 hrs

Evening Safari: 1600 hrs- 1800 hrs

There are three main entry gates for the Jeep Safari in the Corbett National Park:

* Jirna Gate- Open all round the year
* Bijrani Gate- 1st October till 30th June
* Dhangari- 16th November- 15th June


Flora and Fauna of Corbett Wildlife Sanctuary:

The flora and fauna of the Corbett is very rich and green. There are in total 110 species of trees, 51 variety of shrubs, 27 species of climbers and 33 species of bamboo and grasses. Major flora of the Corbett includes Sal, Semal, Dhak, Kharpat, Sissoo, Khair, Khingan, Bakli, Bel, Ber, Bamboo, Rohini, Pula, Khutber.

Mammals in Corbett National Park:

Tiger leopard, elephants, chital, sambhar, hog dear, barking dear, wild boar, langur, wild pig, rhesus monkey, sambar, and jackal.

Reptiles:

Indian crocodile, ghariyal, King Cobra, common krait, cobra, viper, python, lizard.

Birds at Corbett National Park:

Peacock, Jungle Fowl, crow, vulture, dove, woodpecker, duck, teal, strok, seagull.

By Tanny Gupta

Rudyard Kipling once described this land as primal jungle and Jim Corbett loved to travel the length and breadth of this land fearlessly. This is Corbett National Park (CNP), a splendid place supporting a vast reservoir of wildlife. This park has the honour of first national park of the country. It was so declared in 1936 as Hailey National Park & later renamed in the honour of legendary hunter-turned animal lover Jim Corbett. It is situated in the foothills of western Himalayas in the districts of Nainital and Pauri Garhwal in the newly carved out state of Uttaranchal and this wildlife heaven is reserved for adventure loving and tough people.

We arrived at Rampur, about 7-8 hours away from National capital Delhi, in the afternoon full of anticipations. The permit to visit and stay in CNP are issued here. We got our reservations for Dhikala rest house which is located centrally and is infact houses the forests department. Near the entry point, we took our lunch and entered the CNP through Amdanda gate. Our rest house at Dhikala was approximately 30 kms from the gate along a narrow metalled road. The landscape of the park was mesmerising and this place exuded the charm of ancient primitive era. We saw a few vehicles parked on the kucha road near the main road. I jumped with excitement of seeing something wild and saw a group of elephants comfortably munching on grass of size equal to their heights. This was my first encounter with the Indian giants. They seemed indifferent to our presence. This apparent callousness of elephants about homo sapiens does not augur well for these giants as this made poacher's work very easy. By an estimate, their population is 300 in the park area.

We removed ahead and saw a signboard about Indian gharial and saw a few gharials taking sun-bath on the banks of river Ramganga. Ramganga and its streams vivisect the land into numerous ridge and ravines. This landscape is perfect habitat for the growth and survival of tiger, leopard, bear et al. We were looking for the big cat "tiger". About 90 (as per 1984 estimate) big cats inhabit this area and are very reserved creatures. Only lucky people can have a glimpse of this magnificent creature.

Next morning, we were ready to see the virtual rawness and beauty of this mysterious land covering an area of 1319sq. kms. The area of the park is increased with the inclusion of Sonanadi wildlife sanctuary. Our guide 'Arshad' a bearded old age veteran of this jungle assured us about tiger sighting. It is compulsory to take a guide with you and walking is strictly prohibited in the park. We decided to go towards Khinnanauli's and Sarpduli rest houses. We come across a herd of spotted deer, chital, which ran ahead of our jeep. I saw a lone barking deer, jackal, otters running for fish in the waters of Ramganga. Since it was early morning and a light drizzle had just finished, there was freshness, fragrance and coolness in the air and this was the time of hectic activity. Our guide asked to stop the jeep as there was a "call". It is a warning signal given by animals like langur sitting on trees about a roaming tiger so others can run to their safety. We waited in anticipation for half an hour but nothing happened. Interestingly, this park has a healthy population of leopards. Both tigers and leopards prowl in the night and leopard manage to survive. There are documented instances of tigers killing and eating a mature leopard. On a muddy trail, we saw fresh pugmarks of a tiger and scanned the whole area for its presence. Chance and luck plays the role in case of tiger sighting in the wild as tigers here avoid humans unlike Ranthambore where tigers show indifference towards humans.

CNP has immense variety of wild life. About 50 species of mammals viz tiger, leopards, leopard cats, jungle cat, fishing cat, jackal, Indian wild dog - dhole, porcupine, civet, otter, mangoose, barking deer, ghoral etc. , 580 birds species viz king vulture, eagles, kingfishers, etc. & 25 species of reptiles including crocodile gharial, crocodile, cobra, krait etc inhabit the park. It sustains a very significant ecosystem and is thus ecologically, socially and environmentally very important.

Near Sarpduli, we come across a herd of female elephants, a lonely seemingly pregnant jackal and vast variety of birds inhabiting bushes. I have not seen such a vast variety of small birds at a single point and has surpassed even Bird's paradise 'Bhartpur' in Rajasthan, in the number of avian species. Very few people are aware of this fact and the entire focus is always on the big creatures like tiger et al. For next two days, we scanned all parts of the park to get a glimpse of tiger and though saw a variety of mammals, reptiles and birds including rare king vulture, big cats remained elusive.

It is a privilege to visit this primal jungle and taste its raw beauty. This park remains closed from June 15 to November 15 for general public. A large number of rest houses are available in the area namely Dhikala, Khinnanauli, Sarpduli, etc.

Title:-Corbett national park-ultimate wildlife refuge.